Prophecies About Prophet Muhammad ﷺ By Prophet Jeremiah

(Cite: Khan, Dr. (Mufti) Imran & Hamdani, Mufti Shah Rafi Uddin. (2018), Prophecies About Prophet Muhammad By Prophet Jeremiah , Encyclopedia of Muhammad , Seerat Research Center, Karachi, Pakistan, Vol. 1, Pg. 216-240. )

After the prophecies of Isaiah from the Bible, the tidings of Jeremiah are presented here about the arrival of the Holy Prophet .

First Prophecy

Allah is addressing Muhammad through Jeremiah in the following manner:

من قبل أن أ صورك في الرحم عر فتك، ومن قبل أن تخرج من البطن قدستك، وجعلتك نبياً للأمم، لأنك بكل ما آمرك تصدع، وإلى كل من أرسلك تتوجه، فأنا معك لخلاصك، يقول الرب: وأفرغت كلامي في فمك إفراغاً،فتأمل وانظر، فقد سلطتك اليوم علي الأمم و المملكات، لتنسف وتهدم و ثثبر و تسحق،وتغرس من رأيت. ¹²

Before that I made your portrait in the womb, you made famous, and before that you came out of the belly, I made you sanctified and prophet to all the nations, because, whatever I ordered you, you convey it with clarity and to whom I send you, you pay attention (to it). So I am with you to save you, says the Lord: I emptied my words in your mouth, so pay attention and heed, today your authority is over the nations and kingdoms, to undermine, destroy and crushed and instilled those to whom you wish.

Regarding this prediction Dr. Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al-Saheem states that it matches with prophecies of Isaiah’s . He said:

ان الرب اهاب بى من بعيد، و ذكر اسمي و انا في الرحم، و جعل لساني كالسيف الصارم. ³

Indeed the Lord called me from the far and took my name when I was in the womb and made my tongue like the blade.

Furthermore, he writes: The first part of the tiding is according to the verse of Holy Quran. As the Holy Quran states:

وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمَا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَحِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَلَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ قَالَ أَأَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَخَذْتُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكُمْ إِصْرِي قَالُوا أَقْرَرْنَا قَالَ فَاشْهَدُوا وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ 81⁴

And remember when Allah took a covenant from the Prophets; “If I give you the Book and knowledge and the (promised) Noble Messenger (Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him) comes to you, confirming the Books you possess, you shall positively, definitely believe in him and you shall positively, definitely help him”; He said, “Do you agree, and accept My binding responsibility in this matter?” They all answered, “We agree”; He said, “Then bear witness amongst yourselves, and I am a witness with you.”

Prophet Muhammad was the one who verified the prior prophets and the messengers and verified whatever was revealed to them. As the Holy Quran states:

بَلْ جَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ وَصَدَّقَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ 37⁵

In fact, he has brought the Truth, and testified for the Noble Messengers!

At another place, the Holy Quran states:

نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ 3⁶

He has sent down to you (O dear Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him) this true Book (the Holy Qur’an), confirming the Books before it, and He sent down the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Bible).

The sayings of Jeremiah (لانک بکل ماامرک تصدع) is stated in the Holy Quran with these words:

فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ 94⁷

Therefore publicly announce what you are commanded, and turn away from the polytheists.

And his saying ‘وافرغت کلامی فی فمک’ (I emptied my words in your mouth) is proven from the verse of the Holy Quran:

وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى 3 إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى 4⁸

And he does not say anything by his own desire. It is but a divine revelation, which is revealed to him.

The rest of the tidings are associated to the jihad ؓ of Muhammad . ⁹

Second Prophecy

Regarding the people. God revelaed the following to Jeremiah :

إنى جاعل بعد تلك الأيام شريعتي في أفواههم، وأكتبها في قلوبهم، فأكون لهم إلها، ويكونون لي شعبا، ولا يحتاج الرجل أن يعلم أخاه و قريبه الدين و الملة، ولا إلي أن يقول له أعرف الرب، لأن جميعهم يعر فونه صغارهم و كبارهم، وأنا أغفر لذلك لذنوبهم، ولا أذكرهم بخطايا هم. ¹⁰¹¹

After those days, I will generate my law by their tongue, and will write it on their hearts, I will be their God, And they shall be my people, and a man will not need to tell his brother(s) or cousin(s) about the religion, nor to tell him to recognize the Lord, because all of their youngsters and their elders will recognize Him, I will forgive their sins, and will not remind them of their sins.

Regarding 'I will generate my law by their tongue, and will write on their hearts , I will be their God' The Holy Quran states:

اَلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا....3¹²

This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour upon you, and have chosen Islam as your religion.

The 'perfection of religion' mentioned in this verse refers to making it (Islam) a self-sufficient system of belief and conduct, and an order of social life providing its own answers to the questions with which man is confronted. This system contains all necessary guidance for man, either by expounding fundamental principles from which detailed directives can be deduced or by spelling out such directives explicitly so that in no circumstances would one need to look for guidance to any extraneous source. ¹³

Regarding 'They shall be my people, and a man will not need to tell his brothers or cousins about the religion' the Holy Quran states:

كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَوْ آمَنَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ مِنْهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ110¹⁴

You are the best among all the nations that were raised among mankind – you enjoin good deeds and forbid immorality and you believe in Allah; and if the People given the Book(s) believed it would be better for them; some of them are believers (Muslims) and most of them are disbelievers.

This means that the Holy Prophet and his followers are informed that they are being assigned the guidance and leadership of the world, a position the Israelites had been relieved of because they had shown themselves unsuitable. The Muslims were charged with this responsibility because of their competence. They were the best people in terms of character and morals and had developed in theory and in practice the qualities essential for truly righteous leadership, namely the spirit and practical commitment to promoting good and suppressing evil and the acknowledgement of the One True God as their Lord and Master. ¹⁵

Regarding 'Will forgive their sins and will not remind them of their sins' the Holy Quran states:

إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فَأُولَئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا 70¹⁶

Except one who repents and accepts faith and does good deeds - so Allah will turn their evil deeds into virtues; and Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.

This is a good news for those people who repented and reformed themselves, for they will have the benefit of the general amnesty contained in the verse. This was regarded as a great blessing by the true servants because very few of those who embraced Islam had been free from those vices during their ignorance, and were terrified by the threat contained in the previous verses, but this amnesty not only redeemed them but filled them with hope. ¹⁷

A good reader can quickly figure out the resemblance between the words of Jeremiah and the verses of Holy Quran that how beautifully Allah has defined His people and their qualities by the tongues of two different prophets of two different ages, Jeremiah and Muhammad .

Third Prophecy

at one point, Jeremiah said the following:

النبي الذي تنباً بالسلام، فعند حصول كلمة النبي عرف ذلك النبي أن اللّٰه أرسله حقا. ¹⁸¹⁹

The Prophet (is the one), who predicted ‘the peace’, the word of the “prophet” itself clarifies that God really sent him.

While analyzing this verse, Abdullah Al-Saheem quoted Abdul Ahad Dawud’s view, who took this prediction in a different aspect and says:

“When the word of the Prophet is mentioned it means that he is the Prophet, for whom the predictions in Islam are given, the Shalom. It means that he is the famous and the known that is sent by Allah.”

This Understanding Clarifies Some Facts

It is not possible for a prophet to be righteous and true until he is the preacher of Islam. Because the Holy Quran states:

إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ....19²⁰

“The religion with Allah is Islam.”

So, all the prophets are sent by Allah and are bound to preach the same religion which is correct and perfect before Him.

Established facts state that “Shalom” Hebrew, “Salaam” Syriac, and “Islam” is the Arabic word from the same roots of Sami ²¹ Language, which has the same word “Shalam” and all comprise of the similar meaning; it has been accepted by the Sami scholars as well. The word “Shalam” indicates towards “to accept” and “to follow” and no religious structure is healthier than Islam according to these meanings and traits.

Before Jesus , Jeremiah is the only being who used the word “Shalom” for “Religion”. He is the sole and only prophet of Allah who verified the prophecy using the respective expression. This means that Jeremiah is the single entity who set the standards and criteria for declaring the prophet as true or false. Although Abraham, Ishmael , Isaac , Jacob were all Muslims and adopted Islam as their religion.

Islam is the religion that holds the trait to know whether the prophet is true or false. Similarly, no other religion can defend the absolute oneness of Allah. Every religion has tainted the oneness of God by the addition of myths and superstition. The only bearer of pure monotheism is Islam which will be continued till the Day of Judgment.

Fourth Prophecy

Jeremiah addressed the Holy Prophet in the Bible as:

اعدوا آلات الحرب ، فإني أبدد بك الشعوب، وأبدد بك الخيل وفر سانها وأبدد بك الطغاة والولاة، وأجازي بابل، وجميع سكان بلاد الكلدانيين بجميع أوزا رهم الثى ارثكبوها- هذا قول الرب. ²²²³

Prepare for me the equipment of war. I will scatter the nations by thee, and will destroy their horses and their riders, the disobedient and officials, I will recompense the Babylon, and will reward the people of Kaldan in return what they did, this is the word of the Lord.

'Prepare for me the equipment of war. I will scatter the nations by thee' basically means that a nation will come who will scatter others by conquering them. If we take a look at history we will find that it was the Muslim army which conquered the great Roman, Persian and Egyptian empires. Was this done by the Jews? Christians? No because these people were scattered around the world and were persecuted by the pagans. Hence it can be said that this prophecy exclusively mentions the community of Prophet Muhammad and no one else.

Fifth Prophecy

Jeremiah indicates the Arab’s realizing their grave mistake and changing their false gods with the True, One God:

لِذَلِكَ أُخَاصِمُكُمْ بَعْدُ، يَقُولُ ٱلرَّبُّ، وَبَنِي بَنِيكُمْ أُخَاصِمُ. فَٱعْبُرُوا جَزَائِرَ كِتِّيمَ، وَٱنْظُرُوا، وَأَرْسِلُوا إِلَى قِيدَارَ، وَٱنْتَبِهُوا جِدًّا، وَٱنْظُرُوا: هَلْ صَارَ مِثْلُ هَذَا؟ هَلْ بَدَلَتْ أُمَّةٌ آلِهَةً، وَهِيَ لَيْسَتْ آلِهَةً؟ أَمَّا شَعْبِي فَقَدْ بَدَلَ مَجْدَهُ بِمَا لَا يَنْفَعُ! اِبْهَتِي أَيَّتُهَا ٱلسَّمَاوَاتُ مِنْ هَذَا، وَٱقْشَعِرِّي وَتَحَيَّرِي جِدًّا، يَقُولُ ٱلرَّبُّ. ²⁴

“And so I, the Lord, will state my case against my people again. I will bring charges against their descendants. Go west to the island of Cyprus, and send someone eastward to the land of Kedar. You will see that nothing like this has ever happened before. No other nation has ever changed its gods, even though they were not real. But my people have exchanged me, the God who has brought them honor, for gods that can do nothing for them. And so I command the sky to shake with horror, to be amazed and astonished.

In this prophecy, Jeremiah made a reference to two periods of time, one to his own time, and the other to a long time after his death. During Jeremiah’s time, as Jeremiah himself pointed out, the people of Israel had changed their glory. They had abandoned worshipping the true God, Who is glorious in Himself and Whom they should have glorified as the source of their honour and glory; they had changed Him, their glory, for that which did not profit; meaning Ba’al, and such like idols. While the Israelite people of Jeremiah had changed the true God for Ba’al and similar idols and therefore rejected their glory and honour, the heathen people around were insistent on the adoration of their idols, associating them with the true God as partners in His Divinity, Lordship and other Attributes. These heathen people were the Kedarites, being and those of Chittim. The Kedarites, being the descendants of Kedar, a son of Ishmael , were the people of Arabian provinces lying to the south-east of Palestine. As for Chittim, he was the son of Javan, the grandson of Japheth, and Noah’s great-grandson. Therefore, what Jeremiah meant by the people of Chittim together with the Kedarites, were the people who lived in the west of Arabia and the Mediterranean coastlands.

In those days, the people of Arabia were not only an example of persistence in idolatry, but they also polluted the land with their evils and wickedness. Jeremiah scolded his people for acting like those idolatrous Arabians, saying:

اِرْفَعِي عَيْنَيْكِ إِلَى ٱلْهِضَابِ وَٱنْظُرِي، أَيْنَ لَمْ تُضَاجَعِي؟ فِي ٱلطُّرُقَاتِ جَلَسْتِ لَهُمْ كَأَعْرَابِيٍّ فِي ٱلْبَرِّيَّةِ، وَنَجَّسْتِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بِزِنَاكِ وَبِشَرِّكِ. ²⁵

“Look up at the hilltops. Is there any place where you have not acted like a prostitute? You waited for lovers along the roadside, as an Arab waits for victims in the desert. You have defiled the land with your prostitution."

Can something negative be an example of praising and following? Certainly not. Knowing this, the writers of Exposition of the Old and New Testament ask:

"Shall we praise them (the people of Kedar and Chittim) for this? We praise them not." Therefore, by pleading with the children of the Children of the Israelites or with the Israelites who would come a long time after the death Jeremiah , the Lord must have been referring to an extremely significant event or change to occur in the people of Arabia. This pleading with the generations of Israel to come in a distant future was concerned with the time when the Arabs, whose stubbornness in idolatry had been proverbial and who had been engulfed in all kinds of vice, gave up idolatry and changed their degraded condition, becoming the torch-bearers of the Divine Unity and standards of good morals. This occurred through the guidance of the Holy Prophet . Therefore, Jeremiah mourns at the condition of his people both of his time and future that while the barbarous, idolatrous Arabs would abandon their way to which they had been fanatically attached and attain glory by admitting God's Unity and following His way in the footsteps of the holy Prophet, Jeremiah’s people changed Him for idols to their detriment and most of them would be unable to realize the same attainment as the Arabs would do.

Sixth Prophecy

Jeremiah’s says about New Jerusalem, which will be called the throne of the Lord:

فِي ذَلِكَ ٱلزَّمَانِ يُسَمُّونَ أُورُشَلِيمَ كُرْسِيَّ ٱلرَّبِّ، وَيَجْتَمِعُ إِلَيْهَا كُلُّ ٱلْأُمَمِ، إِلَى ٱسْمِ ٱلرَّبِّ، إِلَى أُورُشَلِيمَ، وَلَا يَذْهَبُونَ بَعْدُ وَرَاءَ عِنَادِ قَلْبِهِمِ ٱلشِّرِّيرِ. فِي تِلْكَ ٱلْأَيَّامِ يَذْهَبُ بَيْتُ يَهُوذَا مَعَ بَيْتِ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَيَأْتِيَانِ مَعًا مِنْ أَرْضِ ٱلشِّمَالِ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ ٱلَّتِي مَلَّكْتُ آبَاءَكُمْ إِيَّاهَا. ²⁶

When that time comes, Jerusalem will be called ‘The Throne of the Lord,’ and all nations will gather there to worship me. They will no longer do what their stubborn and evil hearts tell them. Israel will join with Judah, and together they will come from exile in the country in the north and will return to the land that I gave your ancestors as a permanent possession.”

The term 'the throne of the Lord' ('Arsh in Arabic) signifies God's grandeur and His absolute sovereignty over creation. It also designates the Divine Will and command concerning the material and immaterial Worlds. It has usually been referred to as the 'reigning centre' of the Lord, and since the most central, vital organ of a human being is the heart, Muslim Sufi scholars have regarded the heart as God's throne in human beings. Similarly, the Holy Quran mentions Makkah as ‘Ummul-Qura', meaning, 'Mother of Towns'. As the Holy Quran states:

وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِتُنْذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَتُنْذِرَ يَوْمَ الْجَمْعِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ 7²⁷

And this is how We have divinely revealed to you the Qur’an in Arabic, for you to warn the people of the mother of all towns – Makkah – and those around it, and to warn of the Day of Assembling of which there is no doubt; a group is in Paradise, and another group is in hell.

Makkah has a central position, and the Ka'ba is both the House and Throne of God on the earth. As mentioned earlier, Christians know it from the verses of the Bible:

وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ رَمْزٌ، لِأَنَّ هَاتَيْنِ هُمَا ٱلْعَهْدَانِ، أَحَدُهُمَا مِنْ جَبَلِ سِينَاءَ، ٱلْوَالِدُ لِلْعُبُودِيَّةِ، ٱلَّذِي هُوَ هَاجَرُ. لِأَنَّ هَاجَرَ جَبَلُ سِينَاءَ فِي ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةِ. وَلَكِنَّهُ يُقَابِلُ أُورُشَلِيمَ ٱلْحَاضِرَةَ، فَإِنَّهَا مُسْتَعْبَدَةٌ مَعَ بَنِيهَا. وَأَمَّا أُورُشَلِيمُ ٱلْعُلْيَا، ٱلَّتِي هِيَ أُمُّنَا جَمِيعًا، فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ. ²⁸

These things can be understood as a figure: the two women represent two covenants. The one whose children are born in slavery is Hagar, and she represents the covenant made at Mount Sinai. Hagar, who stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia, is a figure of the present city of Jerusalem, in slavery with all its people. But the heavenly Jerusalem is free, and she is our mother.

There are two Jerusalems, one Jerusalem of Sarah, and the other Jerusalem of Hagar . They are also aware of Revelation 21: 2 that there is a new, Jerusalem beside the old one. Jerusalem means a house or place of peace and safety founded in peace. Therefore, it is evident in Jeremiah’s prophecy that Jerusalem which shall be called 'the throne of the Lord' is the New Jerusalem. This Jerusalem, which, according to Revelation 4: 24-26, will come down out of heaven from God, still be the house or place of peace and safety and the earthly centre of Divine sovereignty. Aware of this fact, Bible commentators assert that this prophecy has two aspects: one refers to the return of the Jews from tile Babylonish captivity; the other, to the glorious days of Christianity. They hold that the words may refer to that gathering together of the Jews, not only from Chaldea, but from the countries of their dispersion over the face of the whole earth, and uniting them in the Christian Church.

The Jerusalem of Sara only had peace during the reigns of David and Solomon . After that, the old Jerusalem has not been able to be a place of peace and safety. For this reason, the Jerusalem which shall be called ‘the throne of the Lord' is the new Jerusalem, Jerusalem of Hagar, that is, Makkah. Since Muhammad appeared as the last Prophet, who was raised in the mother of towns (Makkah) and sent to all people, and since God's Religion, Islam, was conveyed by him in its universal dimensions and includes all the truths in its previous versions or the previous heavenly religions, all the nations shall gather to the throne of the Lord by means of Islam and the Holy Prophet . Indeed, it is only Makkah that all nations have gathered together for and in the name of God. People from all corners of the world hasten to Makkah every year for pilgrimage.

The House Of Judah Rambling With The House Of Israel

Furthermore, there has been but one house in history, the Ka'ba in Makkah, which has ever been a house of peace and safety and is therefore worthy of being the house of peace and safety. The Holy Quran speaks of it as:

.... وَمَنْ دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا....97²⁹

and whoever enters it shall be safe…

The old Jerusalem has been destroyed many times and has been the target of attacks and invasions. Also, it is only within the circle of Islam that the house of Judah has walked with the horse of Israel. In addition to the fact that many Jews have accepted Islam and come together within its find, Jews from all the tribes and schools of Judaism have also come together to the lands under the rule of Islam and lived together and mixed with Muslims. Also, the entire land which had once been the land of promise for the Israelites was inherited by the Muslims. concerning this point, The Holy Quran states:

وَلَقَدْ كَتَبْنَا فِي الزَّبُورِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الذِّكْرِ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ يَرِثُهَا عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحُونَ 105³⁰

And indeed We wrote, after the reminder ³¹ in the Zaboor that, “My virtuous bondmen will inherit the earth.”

Holy Quran states in this regard:

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْنًا يَعْبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئًا وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ 555³²

Allah has promised those among you who believe and do good deeds, that He will certainly give them the Caliphate in the earth the way He gave to those before them; and that He will certainly establish for them their religion which He has chosen for them, and will turn their prior fear into peace; they must worship Me and not ascribe anything as a partner to Me; and whoever is ungrateful after this – it is they who are the disobedient. Third prophecy of Jeremiah: the same Words in Jeremiah and the Quran for the fate of the Israelites.

Third Prophecy of Jeremiah: the same word in Jeremiah and the Quran for the fate of the Israelites

The mentioned Quranic verse is both an explanation of this Divine decree and the declaration of its fulfilment, which has the same significance as the prophecy of Jeremiah under discussion.

Seventh Prophecy

Jeremiah says following about the fate of the Israelites:

هَأَنَذَا أَجْلِبُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّةً مِنْ بُعْدٍ يَا بَيْتَ إِسْرَائِيلَ، يَقُولُ ٱلرَّبُّ. أُمَّةً قَوِيَّةً. أُمَّةً مُنْذُ ٱلْقَدِيمِ. أُمَّةً لَا تَعْرِفُ لِسَانَهَا وَلَا تَفْهَمُ مَا تَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ. جُعْبَتُهُمْ كَقَبْرٍ مَفْتُوحٍ. كُلُّهُمْ جَبَابِرَةٌ. فَيَأْكُلُونَ حَصَادَكَ وَخُبْزَكَ ٱلَّذِي يَأْكُلُهُ بَنُوكَ وَبَنَاتُكَ. يَأْكُلُونَ غَنَمَكَ وَبَقَرَكَ. يَأْكُلُونَ جَفْنَتَكَ وَتِينَكَ. يُهْلِكُونَ بِٱلسَّيْفِ مُدُنَكَ ٱلْحَصِينَةَ ٱلَّتِي أَنْتَ مُتَّكِلٌ عَلَيْهَا. ³³

People of Israel, the Lord is bringing a nation from far away to attack you. It is a strong and ancient nation, a nation whose language you do not know. Their archers are mighty soldiers who kill without mercy. They will devour your crops and your food; they will kill your sons and your daughters. They will slaughter your flocks and your herds and destroy your vines and fig trees. The fortified cities in which you trust will be destroyed by their army.

Bible commentators are of the opinion that this prophecy was about the kingdom of Judah, as Israel was in captivity before it was made, and it means that the nation to whom the Lord would give the kingdom of Judah were the Babylonians and the Chaldeans. They were such professional archers that they never missed their mark. Their empire was firm as a rock, and ever rolling onward like a mighty river. The epithet ‘ancient’ refers simply to time. Their language being unknown to the people of Judah would render them more pitiless, as they would not understand cries for mercy.

A verse similar to this biblical statement is found in the Holy Quran as:

وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَتُفْسِدُنَّ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَلَتَعْلُنَّ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا 4 فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ أُولَاهُمَا بَعَثْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ عِبَادًا لَنَا أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ فَجَاسُوا خِلَالَ الدِّيَارِ وَكَانَ وَعْدًا مَفْعُولًا 5 ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ الْكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَمْدَدْنَاكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ أَكْثَرَ نَفِيرًا 6 إِنْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ الْآخِرَةِ لِيَسُوءُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَلِيَدْخُلُوا الْمَسْجِدَ كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَلِيُتَبِّرُوا مَا عَلَوْا تَتْبِيرًا 7 عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَنْ يَرْحَمَكُمْ وَإِنْ عُدْتُمْ عُدْنَا وَجَعَلْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا 8³⁴

And We decreed for the Descendants of Israel in the Book that, “You will indeed create great turmoil in the earth twice, and you will surely become very proud.” So when the first of those promises came, We sent upon you Our extremely militant bondmen – they therefore entered the cities pursuing you; and this was a promise that had to be fulfilled. We then reversed your attack upon them, and aided you with wealth and sons and increased your numbers. If you do good deeds, you will for your own good – and if you commit evil, it is for yourself; therefore when the second of those promises came – so the enemy maim your faces, and enter the mosque as they had entered it the first time, and destroy until they ruin all they could capture. It is likely that your Lord may have mercy on you; and if you repeat the mischief, We will repeat the punishment; and We have made hell a prison for the disbelievers.

Such warnings have been given in different Books of the Bible. As regards to their first mischief and its evil consequences, the Israelites were warned in the Psalms, Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel and the warnings about their second mischief and its severe punishments are found in Matthew and Luke.

The children of Israel served their idols which were a snare unto them and sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils, and shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters. Their places of worship had turned into brothels, where women were kept as religious prostitutes and illicit relations with them were regarded as a part of worship and devotion.

Thus, the kingdom of Israel began to be subjected to continual attacks, its cities ruined and its capital besieged, but this kingdom could not be wholly destroyed by the Assyrians, it only became a tributary. Afterwards, when in spite of the best reformatory efforts of Prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah the people of Judah did not give up idol worship and other moral evils, king Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon attacked and captured the whole of Judah in 598 B.C. including Jerusalem and took the king of Judah as prisoner. Even then the Israelites did not mend their ways and paid no heed to the warnings and guidance of Prophet Jeremiah. Instead of reforming their ways, they started making plams to change their fate by revolting against Babylon. At last in 587 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar punished them heavily by invading Judah and destroyed all its important cities. He razed Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple to the ground and did not leave a wall of it standing in place. He drove a large part of the Israelite population out of their land and scattered them into the adjoining countries. The people who were left behind were cursed and subjected to all kinds of humiliations by the neighboring communities. ³⁵

An important point which should be noted here is that the Holy Prophet did not acquire education (about the previous religious books) from any human, but still he narrated a verse which had the same contents of the mentioned biblical verse. This could only be done by a prophet hence this verse proves the fact that the God who appointed Muhammad as a prophet and revealed the Holy Quran to him was the same God who also bestowed prophethood upon Jeremiah and revealed his blessings upon him.

Eighth Prophecy

Since the divine scriptures are based on certain perennial or eternal truths, they, deal with things and events from the perspective of these truths. History, repeats itself not identically but in similar events. That is, like the leaves, blossoms and fruit which a tree yields this year not being identical with those of the last year and the next year but not different from them in essence or nature. The events comprising history, are not identical but similar to each other in essence or nature as well. For all the events are the mirrors in which the eternal truths are manifested by means of different subjects and objects. For this reason, the divine scriptures usually recount events without mentioning their dates and places and are not in chronological order. Their purpose for relating them is instruction and teaching the perennial truths underlying them for the guidance of people. Therefore, we frequently, find in the divine scriptures that different events which happened in different times and places are recounted together as if they had occurred at the same time and place.

In the fifth and sixth chapters of his Book, Jeremiah mourns the calamities which would strike the Israelites as Divine punishment for their misdeeds. The following words of Jeremiah are about some of these calamities:

لِأَنَّهُ هَكَذَا قَالَ رَبُّ ٱلْجُنُودِ: ٱقْطَعُوا أَشْجَارًا. أَقِيمُوا حَوْلَ أُورُشَلِيمَ مِتْرَسَةً. هِيَ ٱلْمَدِينَةُ ٱلْمُعَاقَبَةُ. كُلُّهَا ظُلْمٌ فِي وَسَطِهَا. كَمَا تُنْبِعُ ٱلْعَيْنُ مِيَاهَهَا، هَكَذَا تُنْبِعُ هِيَ شَرَّهَا. ظُلْمٌ وَخَطْفٌ يُسْمَعُ فِيهَا. أَمَامِي دَائِمًا مَرَضٌ وَضَرْبٌ. تَأَدَّبِي يَا أُورُشَلِيمُ لِئَلَّا تَجْفُوَكِ نَفْسِي. لِئَلَّا أَجْعَلَكِ خَرَابًا، أَرْضًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ. ³⁶

The Lord Almighty has ordered these kings to cut down trees and build mounds in order to besiege Jerusalem. He has said, “I will punish this city because it is full of oppression. As a well keeps its water fresh, so Jerusalem keeps its evil fresh. I hear violence and destruction in the city; sickness and wounds are all I see. People of Jerusalem, let these troubles be a warning to you, or else I will abandon you; I will turn your city into a desert, a place where no one lives.”

Later says:

يَا ٱبْنَةَ شَعْبِي، تَنَطَّقِي بِمِسْحٍ وَتَمَرَّغِي فِي ٱلرَّمَادِ. نَوْحَ وَحِيدٍ ٱصْنَعِي لِنَفْسِكِ مَنَاحَةً مُرَّةً، لِأَنَّ ٱلْمُخَرِّبَ يَأْتِي عَلَيْنَا بَغْتَةً. قَدْ جَعَلْتُكَ بُرْجًا فِي شَعْبِي، حِصْنًا، لِتَعْرِفَ وَتَمْتَحِنَ طَرِيقَهُمْ. كُلُّهُمْ عُصَاةٌ مُتَمَرِّدُونَ سَاعُونَ فِي ٱلْوِشَايَةِ. هُمْ نُحَاسٌ وَحَدِيدٌ. كُلُّهُمْ مُفْسِدُونَ. اِحْتَرَقَ ٱلْمِنْفَاخُ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ. فَنِيَ ٱلرِّصَاصُ. بَاطِلًا صَاغَ ٱلصَّائِغُ، وَٱلْأَشْرَارُ لَا يُفْرَزُونَ. فِضَّةً مَرْفُوضَةً يُدْعَوْنَ. لِأَنَّ ٱلرَّبَّ قَدْ رَفَضَهُمْ. ³⁷

The Lord says to his people, “Put on sackcloth and roll in ashes. Mourn with bitter tears as you would for an only child, because the one who comes to destroy you will suddenly attack. Jeremiah, test my people, as you would test metal, and find out what they are like. They are all stubborn rebels, hard as bronze and iron. They are all corrupt, going around and spreading gossip. The furnace burns fiercely, but the waste metals do not melt and run off. It is useless to go on refining my people, because those who are evil are not taken away. They will be called worthless dross, because I, the Lord, have rejected them.”

It is another characteristic of the style of Divine Scriptures that mention of the name of a place often signifies the people who inhabit it. Therefore, any mention of good or wickedness in Jerusalem usually refers to the right or wickedness of the Israelites wherever they may be. For this reason, in the prophecy above, the siege of Jerusalem signifies the siege of the Jewish people.

When God's messenger , migrated to Madina, three Jewish tribes were living there: Banu (Children of) Qaynuqa', Banu Nadir and Banu Qurayza. They had fled from the Roman persecution during the invasion of Palestine in 70 CE and settled in Madina. God's Messenger signed a pact with them. The agreement stipulated that the Jews would remain neutral in the hostilities between the Muslims and the pagan Quraysh (Makkan Arabs), but if there were to be an attack on Madina, they would defend the city together with the Muslims. But the Jewish tribes were reluctant to honour their agreements. During the Battle of Badr, they favoured the Makkan polytheists; after Badr, they openly encouraged the Quraysh and other Arab tribes to unite against the Muslims. They also collaborated with the hypocrites in Madina who were apparently an integral part of the Muslim body politic. To sabotage the mission of the Holy Prophet , they began to fan the flames of old animosities between the Aws and Khazraj, the two tribes of Madinan Muslims. Ka`b ibn Ashraf, the chief of the Banu Nadir, went to Makkah and recited stirring elegies concerning, the Makkans killed at Badr to provoke the Quraysh into renewed hostile action. He also slandered the Muslims and satirised God's messenger , in his poems.

The violation by the Jewish tribes of their obligations according to the treaty exceeded all reasonable limits. A few months after Badr, a Muslim woman was treated indecently by some Jews of Banu Qaynuqa`, the most anti-Muslim Jewish tribe. During the ensuing fight, one Muslim and one Jew were killed. When God's messenger , reproached them for this conduct and reminded them of their treaty obligations, the Jews threatened him:

"Don't be misled by your encounter with people who have no knowledge of warfare. You were lucky. But if we fight you, you will know that we are the men of war."

Finally, God's Messenger , had no choice but to attack the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa`. He defeated them and banished them from the outskirts of Madina.

As for the Banu Nadir tribe, they earned their living through money lending, trade in weapons and jewels, agriculture, and maintaining commercial relations with Arab merchants of Makkah. They had strong fortresses about three miles south of Madina. Banu Nadir was wealthy and lived in some of the best lands in Madina. But its members also secretly intrigued with the Makkan pagans and the Madinan hypocrites to destroy the Muslim community once and for all. They even tried to kill the Holy Prophet , while he was visiting them. God's Messenger asked them to leave their strategic position, about three miles south of Madina, and depart from the city. They would be allowed to return every year to gather the produce of their date groves. But when `Abdu'llah ibn Ubayy, the chief of the hypocrites in Madina, promised them help in case of war, the Banu Nadir disagreed. They had great faith in their strongly built houses and other strongholds.

The Muslim army then besieged them in their fortresses. The Banu Nadir tribe, seeing that neither the Makkan polytheists not the Madinan hypocrites cared enough to help them, had to leave the city. They were dismayed, but their lives were spared. They were given ten days to remove themselves, their families, and all they could carry. Most of them joined their brethren in Syria and others in Khaybar.

Although the destruction of trees and crops during the war is forbidden in Islam, due to the strength of their bastions, during besiege and expulsion of Banu Nadir, God allowed the Muslims to cut down the trees to facilitate the operation. The following Quranic verses, which are about the siege and expulsion of Banu Nadir and similar to Jeremiah’s prophecies under discussion in both style and meaning, mention this unusual exemption as well:

سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ 1 هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَاأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ 2 وَلَوْلَا أَنْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلَاءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ 3 ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ 4 مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ لِينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ 5 وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ 6³⁸

All whatever is in the heavens and all whatever is in the earth proclaims the Purity of Allah; and He only is the Most Honourable, the Wise. It is He Who expelled the disbelievers among the People given the Book(s) from their homes, for their first gathering; you did not expect them to leave, whereas they assumed that their fortresses would save them from Allah, so Allah’s command came to them from a place they had not imagined; and He instilled awe in their hearts, so they ruin their own houses by their own hands and at the hands of the Muslims; therefore learn a lesson, O those who can perceive! And had Allah not decreed exile for them, He would have surely punished them in this world; and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the fire. This is because they remained opposed to Allah and His Noble Messenger; and whoever remains opposed to Allah, (and His Noble Messenger) – then indeed Allah’s punishment is severe. The trees you had cut down or left standing on their roots was all by Allah’s permission, and in order to disgrace the sinners. And from them, the booty which Allah gave to His Noble Messenger – so you had not raced your horses or camels against them, but it is Allah Who gives whomever He wills within the control of His Noble Messengers; and Allah is Able to do all things.

he calamity which befell the Banu Nadir tribe was recounted both in the Holy Quran and Book of Jeremiah with almost the same expressions and from the same perspectives. For example:

• God punished the tribe of Banu Nadir because of their transgression or revolts against God and His prophet .
• The homes of Banu Nadir were abolished, and they had to leave their land.
• The punishment of God, or the spoiler or destroyer, cattle upon them forcefully.
• The Banu Nadir had formidable strongholds and fortresses, in which they had such a great trust that they thought they could not be defeated. They did not take God's irresistible Power into consideration.
• They were all grievous revolvers going about with slanders. That is, they were collaborating with the pagan Quraysh and the hypocrites in Madina against God's Messenger and Islam. Their letters of conspiracy and slander against Islam were detected. They betrayed their treaty with Muhammad .

There was a very meaningful comparison in Jeremiah’s prophecy. As mentioned before, Banu Nadir earned their living through money lending, and trade in weapons and jewels, and the meaning of the word “nadir” is pure “gold or silver”. That is, although the Banu Nadir were pure gold or silver by virtue of their name, they acted treacherously and corruptly, and therefore, on every test, they proved themselves to be reprobate. For this reason, the Lord rejected them. They were like copper and iron, unproductive of either gold or silver; and so their smelting process was in vain.

Ninth Prophecy

Jeremiah says the following about the Israelites' ignorance of the divine law and the false pen of scribes:

بَلِ ٱللَّقْلَقُ فِي ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ يَعْرِفُ مِيعَادَهُ، وَٱلْيَمَامَةُ وَٱلسُّنُوْنَةُ ٱلْمُزَقْزِقَةُ حَفِظَتَا وَقْتَ مَجِيئِهِمَا. أَمَّا شَعْبِي فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْ قَضَاءَ ٱلرَّبِّ! كَيْفَ تَقُولُونَ: نَحْنُ حُكَمَاءُ وَشَرِيعَةُ ٱلرَّبِّ مَعَنَا؟ حَقًّا إِنَّهُ إِلَى ٱلْكَذِبِ حَوَّلَهَا قَلَمُ ٱلْكَتَبَةِ ٱلْكَاذِبُ. خَزِيَ ٱلْحُكَمَاءُ. ٱرْتَاعُوا وَأُخِذُوا. هَا قَدْ رَفَضُوا كَلِمَةَ ٱلرَّبِّ، فَأَيَّةُ حِكْمَةٍ لَهُمْ؟ لِذَلِكَ أُعْطِي نِسَاءَهُمْ لِآخَرِينَ، وَحُقُولَهُمْ لِمَالِكِينَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ مِنَ ٱلصَّغِيرِ إِلَى ٱلْكَبِيرِ، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مُولَعٌ بِٱلرِّبْحِ. مِنَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ إِلَى ٱلْكَاهِنِ، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ يَعْمَلُ بِٱلْكَذِبِ. ³⁹

Even storks know when it is time to return; doves, swallows, and thrushes know when it is time to migrate. But, my people, you do not know the laws by which I rule you. How can you say that you are wise and that you know my laws? Look, the laws have been changed by dishonest scribes. Your wise men are put to shame; they are confused and trapped. They have rejected my words; what wisdom do they have now? So I will give their fields to new owners and their wives to other men. Everyone, great and small, tries to make money dishonestly. Even prophets and priests cheat the people.

The Children of Israel established a great state and lived the brightest era of their history in the reigns of David and Solomon . Allah had given Moses the Torah and all of the Israelite prophets, including David and Solomon , judged according to it. The Holy Quran says of the Torah as follows:

إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلَا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ 44⁴⁰

Undoubtedly We sent down the Taurat, in which is guidance and light; the Jews were commanded according to it by Our obedient Prophets, and the rabbis and the religious jurists for they were commanded to protect Allah’s Book, and were witnesses to it; so do not fear men, and fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for an abject price; and whoever does not judge according to what is sent down by Allah – it is they who are disbelievers.

However, as time passed, the Israelites neglected the principles of their religion, and their religious scholars didn't present them. This caused the Torah to be almost entirely overlooked, and centuries later to be lost during the invasion of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, who sent the Jews into exile.

Nearly half a century after this tragic event, the Persian Emperor Cyrus defeated the Babylonians and let the Jewish People return to their homes. The entire history of Israel up to that time, which comprises the first 14 books of the Old Testament, was recorded by Ezra with the assistance of some other elders of the community. Four of these books, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, consist of a biographical narrative of Moses . In this biography, those verses of the Torah available to Ezra and the other elders were also recorded, along with the contexts in which they were revealed. Over time, Jewish scribes made revisions in this book, interpolated their interpretations of some verses in it, and made changes according to their whims and understandings or to meet the religious needs of their people or for certain selfish reasons. All this meant the corruption of the Torah. This is one of the points which Jeremiah stressed in the prophecy above.

Jeremiah draws attention also to the fact that although animals such as storks, turtle-doves, swallows and cranes know their appointed time for migration and act accordingly in obedience to what God has decreed for them, the Israelites are not aware of the Law of the Lord. They do not find out when and in what circumstances or in what season of human history the Lord sends a new Law. It is the practice of God the Almighty to change His Law with a new one for two reasons. One is the corruption of the Law, and the other is the changing conditions of life caused by the passage of time and scientific and technological progress. About legislation, Islam, for example, followed three principal ways:

1. It retained the commandments that pre-dated it, in the previous Books or in the custom and practice of the community in which Islam appeared, and which were not contradictory with its essential principles i.e. Oneness of God, prophethood and the life in hereafter.
2. It corrected or amended the ones that were not in conformity with its principles.
3. It installed new legislation.

Even though migrating animals know the time of their migration or how they should act according to the changing seasons, the Israelites do not know and think about God's abrogation of a Law. As Jeremiah emphasised, the false pen of the scribes has made their law into a lie. As Bible commentators point out, they have written falsely, thought they had the truth before them. Although they are boastful of having the Law of the Lord, the Torah, and this makes their rabbis or scribes to exclaim, "We are wise," they act as if unaware of the practice of the Lord in legislating and abrogating a law. Therefore, when God made changes in the law He sent to Muhammad , they raised voices of objection that God would never abrogate a law and institute a new one instead. It was in answer to this objection of them that God Almighty revealed the following verse:

مَا نَنْسَخْ مِنْ آيَةٍ أَوْ نُنْسِهَا نَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهَا أَوْ مِثْلِهَا أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ 106⁴¹

When We abrogate a verse or cause it to be forgotten, We will bring one better than it or one similar; do you not know that Allah is Able to do all things?

Like the arrival of the Holy Prophet , it was also recorded in the previous Divine Books that his Qibla would be the Ka`ba in Makkah, that is, he would turn toward the Ka`ba in his prayers. Even though the Israelites knew all of this, they objected to the change of the prophet's Qibla from Jerusalem to the Ka'ba. The Holy Quran explains this as follows:

قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ 144⁴²

We observe you turning your face, several times towards heaven (O dear Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him); so We will definitely make you turn (for prayer) towards a qiblah which pleases you; therefore now turn your face towards the Sacred Mosque (in Makkah); and O Muslims, wherever you may be, turn your faces (for prayer) towards it only; and those who have received the Book surely know that this is the truth from their Lord; and Allah is not unaware of their deeds.

The primary reason why the Israelites acted so was their covetousness. This point, which Jeremiah emphasises, is also apparent in both the Holy Quran and the New Testament. As the Holy Quran states:

فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ 79⁴³

Therefore woe is to those who write the Book with their hands; and they then claim, “This is from Allah” in order to gain an abject (worldly) price for it; therefore woe to them for what their hands have written, and woe to them for what they earn with it.

يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ وَالرُّهْبَانِ لَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ 34⁴⁴

O People who Believe! Indeed many of the (Jewish) rabbis and the (Christian) monks unjustly devour people's wealth and prevent from Allah’s way; and those who hoard up gold and silver and do not spend it in Allah’s way – to them give the glad tidings of a painful punishment.

And the Bible states:

لَكِنْ وَيْلٌ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَا ٱلْكَتَبَةُ وَٱلْفَرِّيسِيُّونَ ٱلْمُرَاؤُونَ! لِأَنَّكُمْ تُغْلِقُونَ مَلَكُوتَ ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ قُدَّامَ ٱلنَّاسِ، فَلَا تَدْخُلُونَ أَنْتُمْ وَلَا تَدَعُونَ ٱلدَّاخِلِينَ يَدْخُلُونَ. وَيْلٌ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَا ٱلْكَتَبَةُ وَٱلْفَرِّيسِيُّونَ ٱلْمُرَاؤُونَ! لِأَنَّكُمْ تَأْكُلُونَ بُيُوتَ ٱلْأَرَامِلِ، ولِعِلَّةٍ تُطِيلُونَ صَلَوَاتِكُمْ. لِذَلِكَ تَأْخُذُونَ دَيْنُونَةً أَعْظَمَ. ⁴⁵

“How terrible for you, teachers of the Law and Pharisees! You hypocrites! You lock the door to the Kingdom of heaven in people's faces, but you yourselves don't go in, nor do you allow in those who are trying to enter! (Matthew 23: 14 Some manuscripts add verse 14: How terrible for you, teachers of the Law and Pharisees! You hypocrites! You take advantage of widows and rob them of their homes, and then make a show of saying long prayers! Because of this your punishment will be all the worse!)

أَيُّهَا ٱلْقَادَةُ ٱلْعُمْيَانُ! ٱلَّذِينَ يُصَفُّونَ عَنِ ٱلْبَعُوضَةِ وَيَبْلَعُونَ ٱلْجَمَلَ. ⁴⁶

Blind guides! You strain a fly out of your drink, but swallow a camel!

Most of the Jews during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet , acted unwisely, as if unaware of the character of the Divine Law and the Divine practice in legislating and changing it. Thus, they disobeyed the Lord and were dismayed. They had to leave Madina and Khaybar, which God made the Holy Prophet’s permanent abode and his followers received him there. The Prophet’s followers also inherited Palestine and Syria. All of these meant the realisation of Jeremiah’s prophecy under discussion.

Tenth Prophecy

Jeremiah’s says the following about the righteous branch to David , which shall reign wisely, justly:

هَا أَيَّامٌ تَأْتِي، يَقُولُ ٱلرَّبُّ، وَأُقِيمُ لِدَاوُدَ غُصْنَ بِرٍّ، فَيَمْلِكُ مَلِكٌ وَيَنْجَحُ، وَيُجْرِي حَقًّا وَعَدْلًا فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ. فِي أَيَّامِهِ يُخَلَّصُ يَهُوذَا، وَيَسْكُنُ إِسْرَائِيلُ آمِنًا، وَهَذَا هُوَ ٱسْمُهُ ٱلَّذِي يَدْعُونَهُ بِهِ: ٱلرَّبُّ بِرُّنَا. ⁴⁷

The Lord says, “The time is coming when I will choose as king a righteous descendant of David. That king will rule wisely and do what is right and just throughout the land. When he is king, the people of Judah will be safe, and the people of Israel will live in peace. He will be called ‘The Lord Our Salvation.’

بَلْ يَخْدِمُونَ ٱلرَّبَّ إِلَهَهُمْ وَدَاوُدَ مَلِكَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي أُقِيمُهُ لَهُمْ. ⁴⁸

Instead, they will serve me, the Lord their God, and a descendant of David, whom I will enthrone as king.

These Prophecies have the same importance with the following prophecy of Isaiah :

أَمِيلُوا آذَانَكُمْ وَهَلُمُّوا إِلَيَّ. ٱسْمَعُوا فَتَحْيَا أَنْفُسُكُمْ. وَأَقْطَعَ لَكُمْ عَهْدًا أَبَدِيًّا، مَرَاحِمَ دَاوُدَ ٱلصَّادِقَةَ. هُوَذَا قَدْ جَعَلْتُهُ شَارِعًا لِلشُّعُوبِ، رَئِيسًا وَمُوصِيًا لِلشُّعُوبِ. هَا أُمَّةٌ لَا تَعْرِفُهَا تَدْعُوهَا، وَأُمَّةٌ لَمْ تَعْرِفْكَ تَرْكُضُ إِلَيْكَ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ٱلرَّبِّ إِلَهِكَ وَقُدُّوسِ إِسْرَائِيلَ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ مَجَّدَكَ. ⁴⁹

“Listen now, my people, and come to me; come to me, and you will have life! I will make a lasting covenant with you and give you the blessings I promised to David. I made him a leader and commander of nations, and through him I showed them my power. Now you will summon foreign nations; at one time they did not know you, but now they will come running to join you! I, the Lord your God, the holy God of Israel, will make all this happen; I will give you honor and glory.”

Even though some of the Bible commentators apply these prophecies to either the "Spiritual Kingdom" of Jesus of his alleged mission as the Messiah towards the end of time, it is clear that the prophecy of Jeremiah above is about a Branch to David , not a fruit to grow on David’s branch. Christian assert that Jesus descends from David , not from a branch to David . Free from any prejudices, we can easily conclude that all the signs in these prophecies of Jeremiah and Isaiah have been fulfilled in the personality of the Holy Prophet , and his followers. For the life of the Israelites was bound up in the everlasting covenant which was made with the promised David who would be a witness "for the peoples, a leader and commander to the people", for all the nations of the world.

Regarding 'the time is coming when i will choose as king a righteous descendent of David. That king will rule Wisely and do what is right and just throughout the land', the Holy Quran states:

وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا كَافَّةً لِلنَّاسِ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ 28⁵⁰

And O dear Prophet, We have not sent you except with a Prophethood that covers the entire mankind, heralding glad tidings and warnings, but most people do not know.

It means that the Holy Prophet was not sent as a prophet for the people of a city, or a country, or this age alone, but for the people of the entire world and for all times, but compatriots did not recognize his worth and they did not realize how great a person had been raised among them as a prophet and how uniquely they had been blessed by Allah. The Christians try to prove this prophecy for Jesus but fail dismally because according to the religious scriptures, Jesus was not sent towards the entire world or for all times, but for a specific area only and a specific time period only.

Secondly, the righteous branch which will be raised to David shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. We certainly know from history the New Testament that Jesus did not reign as king and execute justice and righteousness in the land. It was only Prophet Muhammad from among the prophets who reigned as the just and righteous leader.

Thirdly, the nation other than the Israelites and which would run to them because of the Lord their God and of the Holy One of Israel was surely the Muslim nation, just because they would work and strive only to obtain the good pleasure of God and serve people. The Holy Quran refers to this fact when it speaks about the community of Muhammad :

وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ 143⁵¹

And so it is that We have made you the best nation for you are witnesses against mankind, and the Noble Messenger is your guardian and your witness; and (O dear Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him) We had appointed the qiblah which you formerly observed only to see (test) who follows the Noble Messenger, and who turns away; and it was indeed hard except for those whom Allah guided; and it does not befit Allah’s Majesty to waste your faith! Indeed Allah is Most Compassionate, Most Merciful towards mankind.

Holy Quran further states:

كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَوْ آمَنَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ مِنْهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ 110⁵²

You are the best among all the nations that were raised among mankind – you enjoin good deeds and forbid immorality and you believe in Allah; and if the People given the Book(s) believed it would be better for them; some of them are believers (Muslims) and most of them are disbelievers.

This constitutes the proclamation appointing the religious community consisting of the followers of Muhammad to religious guidance and leadership of the world.

How Muslims Have Dealt With The Followers Of Other Religions Under Their Government:

Fourthly, it is a historical fact that the only time Judah was saved and Israel dwelt safely after Solomon , was the time when Muslims conquered Palestine. The Jews have lived the happiest years of their history under the government of Muslims after their being scattered throughout the world. They have enjoyed all their human and religious rights and freedoms both in Palestine and other parts of the world where were under the Muslims rule. For example, a historical episode, which is told by Al-Balazuri, a famous Muslim historian, describes how pleased the native Jewish and Christian people were with their Muslim government, in the following manner:

“Muslims conquered Hims in 635 during the Caliphate of `Umar. The next year, when Heraclius, the Byzantine emperor, marched against the Muslims with massive troops, and the Muslims, who decided to evacuate the city, refunded the inhabitants of Hims the tribute they had taken from them, saying: "We received this tribute from you in return for protecting you. But now we are unable to keep you safe." But the people of Hims replied: "We like your rule and justice far better than the state of oppression and tyranny in which we were. We can repulse the army of Heraclius from the city with your help." The Jews rose and said: "We swear by the Torah; no governor of Heraclius shall enter the city unless we are first conquered and exhausted.
Saying this, they closed the gates of the city and guarded it. The inhabitants of other cities, Christians and Jews, who had been capitulated, did the same. When by God's help the Byzantines were defeated, and Muslims won, they opened the gates of their cities, went out with the singers and players of music, and paid the tribute.” ⁵³

All these mentioned prophecies and their explanations show that he was Muhammad and his Ummah only who are the real figures referred in these prophecies of Jeremiah and he is the one who is mentioned and discussed again and again by different prophets of Allah in their prophecies.

• ¹  Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban Al-Tabari (1973), Al-Deen wa Al-Doola, Nabawatu Armiya Ala Al-Nabi, Dar-ul-Aafaq Al-Jadeeda, Beirut, Lebanon, Pg. 173.
• ²  In the present (now available) Arabic Bible it is found as:
  فَكَانَتْ كَلِمَةُ ٱلرَّبِّ إِلَيَّ قَائِلًا: «قَبْلَمَا صَوَّرْتُكَ فِي ٱلْبَطْنِ عَرَفْتُكَ، وَقَبْلَمَا خَرَجْتَ مِنَ ٱلرَّحِمِ قَدَّسْتُكَ. جَعَلْتُكَ نَبِيًّا لِلشُّعُوبِ». فَقُلْتُ: «آهِ، يَا سَيِّدُ ٱلرَّبُّ، إِنِّي لَا أَعْرِفُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ لِأَنِّي وَلَدٌ». فَقَالَ ٱلرَّبُّ لِي: «لَا تَقُلْ إِنِّي وَلَدٌ، لِأَنَّكَ إِلَى كُلِّ مَنْ أُرْسِلُكَ إِلَيْهِ تَذْهَبُ وَتَتَكَلَّمُ بِكُلِّ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ. لَا تَخَفْ مِنْ وُجُوهِهِمْ، لِأَنِّي أَنَا مَعَكَ لِأُنْقِذَكَ، يَقُولُ ٱلرَّبُّ». وَمَدَّ ٱلرَّبُّ يَدَهُ وَلَمَسَ فَمِي، وَقَالَ ٱلرَّبُّ لِي: «هَا قَدْ جَعَلْتُ كَلَامِي فِي فَمِكَ. اُنْظُرْ! قَدْ وَكَّلْتُكَ هَذَا ٱلْيَوْمَ عَلَى ٱلشُّعُوبِ وَعَلَى ٱلْمَمَالِكِ، لِتَقْلَعَ وَتَهْدِمَ وَتُهْلِكَ وَتَنْقُضَ وَتَبْنِيَ وَتَغْرِسَ. »
  Translation: The Lord said to me, “I chose you before I gave you life, and before you were born I selected you to be a prophet to the nations.” I answered, “Sovereign Lord, I don't know how to speak; I am too young.” But the Lord said to me, “Do not say that you are too young, but go to the people I send you to, and tell them everything I command you to say. Do not be afraid of them, for I will be with you to protect you. I, the Lord, have spoken!” Then the Lord reached out, touched my lips, and said to me, “Listen, I am giving you the words you must speak. Today I give you authority over nations and kingdoms to uproot and to pull down, to destroy and to overthrow, to build and to plant.”
  (The Bible, Jeremiah 1: 4-10)
• ³  In the present (now available) Arabic Bible it is found as:
  اِسْمَعِي لِي أَيَّتُهَا ٱلْجَزَائِرُ، وَٱصْغَوْا أَيُّهَا ٱلْأُمَمُ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ: ٱلرَّبُّ مِنَ ٱلْبَطْنِ دَعَانِي. مِنْ أَحْشَاءِ أُمِّي ذَكَرَ ٱسْمِي، ٢ وَجَعَلَ فَمِي كَسَيْفٍ حَادٍّ. فِي ظِلِّ يَدِهِ خَبَّأَنِي وَجَعَلَنِي سَهْمًا مَبْرِيًّا. فِي كِنَانَتِهِ أَخْفَانِي.
  Translation: Listen to me, distant nations, you people who live far away! Before I was born, the Lord chose me and appointed me to be his servant. He made my words as sharp as a sword. With his own hand he protected me. He made me like an arrow sharp and ready for use.
  (The Bible, Isaiah 49: 1-2)
• ⁴  Holy Quran, Aale Imran (The Family of Imran) 3: 81
• ⁵  Holy Quran, Saffat (The Rank Makers) 37: 37
• ⁶  Holy Quran, Aale Imran (The Family of Imran) 3: 3
• ⁷  Holy Quran, Al-Hijr (The Stones) 15: 94
• ⁸  Holy Quran, Al-Najm (The Stars) 53: 3-4
• ⁹  Muhammed bin Abdullah Al-Saheem, Muslimu Ahlil Kitabi Wa Asruhum Fi Al-Difae ‘Anil Qadaya Al- Quraniyah, Basharat-e-Jeremiah, Pub: Al-Furqan, Saudia, Pg. 574-575.
• ¹⁰  Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban Al-Tabari (1973), Al-Deen wa Al-Doola, Nabawatu Armiya Ala Al-Nabi, Dar-ul-Aafaq Al-Jadeeda, Beirut, Lebanon, Pg. 174.
• ¹¹  In the present (now available) Arabic Bible it is found as:
  بَلْ هذَا هُوَ الْعَهْدُ الَّذِي أَقْطَعُهُ مَعَ بَيْتِ إِسْرَائِيلَ بَعْدَ تِلْكَ الأَيَّامِ، يَقُولُ الرب: أَجْعَلُ شَرِيعَتِي فِي دَاخِلِهِمْ وَأَكْتُبُهَا عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَأَكُونُ لَهُمْ إِلهًا وَهُمْ يَكُونُونَ لِي شَعْبًا، وَلاَ يُعَلِّمُونَ بَعْدُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ صَاحِبَهُ، وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ أَخَاهُ، قَائِلِينَ: اعْرِفُوا الرب، لأَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ سَيَعْرِفُونَنِي مِنْ صَغِيرِهِمْ إِلَى كَبِيرِهِمْ، يَقُولُ الرب، لأَنِّي أَصْفَحُ عَنْ إِثْمِهِمْ، وَلاَ أَذْكُرُ خَطِيَّتَهُمْ بَعْدُ.
  Translation: The new covenant that I will make with the people of Israel will be this: I will put my law within them and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. 34 None of them will have to teach a neighbor to know the Lord, because all will know me, from the least to the greatest. I will forgive their sins and I will no longer remember their wrongs. I, the Lord, have spoken”.
  (The Bible, Jeremiah 31: 33-34)
• ¹²  Holy Quran, Maidah (The Table Spread with Food) 5: 3
• ¹³  Towards Understanding the Quran: http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=5&verse=1&to-5: Retrieved: 06-02-18
• ¹⁴  Holy Quran, Aale Imran (The Family of Imran) 3: 110
• ¹⁵  365 Towards Understanding the Quran: http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=3&verse=110 &to-120: Retrieved: 06-02-17
• ¹⁶  Holy Quran, Al-Furqan (The Criterion) 25:70
• ¹⁷  Towards Understanding the Quran: http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=25&verse=61 &to-77 Retrieved: 06-02-18
• ¹⁸  Muhammed bin Abdullah Al-Saheem, Muslimu Ahlil Kitabi Wa Asruhum Fi Al-Difae ‘Anil Qadaya Al- Quraniyah, Basharat-e-Jeremiah, Pub: Al-Furqan, Saudia, Pg. 576.
• ¹⁹  In the present (now available) Arabic Bible it is found as:
  النَّبِيُّ الَّذِي تَنَبَّأَ بِالسَّلاَمِ، فَعِنْدَ حُصُولِ كَلِمَةِ النَّبِيِّ عُرِفَ ذلِكَ النَّبِيُّ أَنَّ الرب قَدْ أَرْسَلَهُ حَقًّا
  Translation: But a prophet who predicts peace can only be recognized as a prophet whom the Lord has truly sent when that prophet's predictions come true.”
  (The Bible, Jeremiah 28: 9)
• ²⁰  Holy Quran, Aale Imran (The Family of Imran) 3: 19
• ²¹  The Sami people (also Sámi or Saami, traditionally known in English as Lapps or Laplanders) are an indigenous Finno-Ugric people inhabiting the Arctic area of Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. The Sami are the only indigenous people of Scandinavia recognized and protected under the international conventions of indigenous peoples, and are hence the northernmost indigenous people of Europe. (F. Norokorpi, Yrjo (2007), "World Heritage and the Arctic", Case study: Struve Geodetic Arc. UNESCO.)
• ²²  Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban Al-Tabari (1973), Al-Deen wa Al-Doola, Nabawatu Armiya Ala Al-Nabi, Dar-ul-Aafaq Al-Jadeeda, Beirut, Lebanon, Pg. 176.
• ²³  In the present (now available) Arabic Bible it is found as:
  أَنْتَ لِي فَأْسٌ وَأَدَوَاتُ حَرب، فَأَسْحَقُ بِكَ الأُمَمَ، وَأُهْلِكُ بِكَ الْمَمَالِكَ، وَأُكَسِّرُ بِكَ الْفَرَسَ وَرَاكِبَهُ، وَأَسْحَقُ بِكَ الْمَرْكَبَةَ وَرَاكِبَهَا.
  Translation: The Lord says, “Babylonia, you are my hammer, my weapon of war. I used you to crush nations and kingdoms, to shatter horses and riders, to shatter chariots and their drivers.
  (The Bible, Jeremiah 51: 20-21)
• ²⁴  The Bible, Jeremiah 2: 9-12
• ²⁵  The Bible, Jeremiah 3: 2
• ²⁶  The Bible, Jeremiah 3: 17-18
• ²⁷  Holy Quran, Al-Shoora (The Consultation) 42: 7
• ²⁸  The Bible, Galatians 4: 24-26
• ²⁹  Holy Quran, Aale Imran (The Family of Imran) 3: 97
• ³⁰  Holy Quran, Al-Anbiya (The Prophets) 21: 105
• ³¹  Here the word, ‘reminder’ is used for Torah (Old Testament).
• ³²  Holy Quran, Al-Noor (The Light) 24: 55
• ³³  The Bible, Jeremiah 5: 15-17
• ³⁴  Holy Quran, Bani Israel (The Descendants of Israel) 17: 4-8
• ³⁵  Towards Understanding the Quran: http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=17&verse=1&to=10: Retrieved: 06-02-18
• ³⁶  The Bible, Jeremiah 6: 6-8
• ³⁷  The Bible, Jeremiah 6: 26-30
• ³⁸  Holy Quran, Al-Hashr (The Gathering) 59: 1-6
• ³⁹  The Bible, Jeremiah 8: 7-10
• ⁴⁰  Holy Quran, Maidah (The Table Spread with Food) 5: 44
• ⁴¹  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah (The Cow) 2: 106
• ⁴²  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah (The Cow) 2: 144
• ⁴³  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah (The Cow) 2: 79
• ⁴⁴  Holy Quran, Al-Tawba (The Repentance) 9: 34
• ⁴⁵  The Bible, Matthew 23: 13-14
• ⁴⁶  The Bible, Matthew 23: 24
• ⁴⁷  The Bible, Jeremiah 23: 5-6
• ⁴⁸  The Bible, Jeremiah 30: 9
• ⁴⁹  The Bible, Isaiah 55: 3-5
• ⁵⁰  Holy Quran, Saba (The Tribe of Saba) 34: 28
• ⁵¹  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah (The Cow) 2: 143
• ⁵²  Holy Quran, Aale Imran (The Family of Imran), 3: 110
• ⁵³  Abul Abbas Ahmad ibn Yahya Al-Balazuri (1955), Futuh Al-Buldan (Translated: K. Z. Ugan), Istanbul, Turkey, Vol. 1, Pg. 219-220.